宋圭武观点28：建议慎提“打破铁饭碗”

下面就“打破铁饭碗”提法跟大家做个商榷，供参考。

“打破铁饭碗”的提法和做法，从理论和实践看，不足是多方面的，副作用很大，建议尽可能少提或少用。

一是与构建以人为本社会有冲突。人不仅是发展的手段，更是发展的目的。人在发展中，始终是处在最重要的位置，不能让钱排挤人。

二是对弱势群体更不利。更集中了一些领导尤其是一把手的权力，也进一步强化了一些领导尤其是一把手的特权，而且进一步加剧了腐败问题。比如，在改革过程中，一些企业曾出现“要想不下岗，青春献给班组长”等现象。让小小班组长也产生很大权力，也让最弱势的群体更为弱势。尤其一些老实的，没有关系背景的，成了下岗的首选。

三是与中央就业优先战略有实质冲突。就业优先战略，是一个正确的大战略，是发展的大智慧，一定要坚持好。坚持就业优先战略，也体现了党对社会发展规律认识的深化。

四是也不是提高单位或企业管理效率的有效途径。比如，可通过进一步完善考核奖惩制度等，进一步完善培训制度等，都是提高效率的有效办法。不能一下岗了之。

五是后期和宏观副作用巨大，导致社会维稳成本高。下岗职工，往往成社会不稳定因素，而且导致不稳定长期化。

六是不利于建设幸福社会。失业对一个人及其家庭的打击都是很大的。失业不仅导致一个人及其家庭有巨大经济损失，还会导致巨大精神损失，这对建设幸福社会极为不利。

七是在社会保障制度不健全的情况下，更是不能随便让工人下岗，这会导致很大社会副作用。若社会有健全的失业保障措施，打破铁饭碗还可以考虑。

为此，建议在有关文件表述中，应尽可能少用“打破铁饭碗”提法或表述，或在有些特定情况谨慎使用。同时，在改革过程中，也要尽可能少用“打破铁饭碗”做法。

总之，社会发展的趋势，应当是让更多人有越来越稳定的就业，而不是相反。社会改革，也应向这一方向努力。目前，面对新时代的主要矛盾，国家应把就业优先战略放在更加突出的位置。要进一步健全完善有关保障劳动者合法权益的法律法规。

好，谢谢，谢谢。

Song Guiwu's Viewpoint 28: It is suggested to be cautious about "breaking the iron rice bowl"

The following is the suggestion of "breaking the iron rice bowl" to discuss with you for reference. The suggestion and practice of "breaking the iron rice bowl", from the theoretical and practical point of view, is in many aspects, and the side effects are very large. It is suggested to mention or use as little as possible. One is that there will be conflicts with the construction of a human-oriented organization.People are not only the means of development, but also the purpose of development.In the development, people are always in the most important position, and can not let money crowd out people. Two is more disadvantageous to the vulnerable groups.More concentrated some leadership, especially the power of the head, but also further strengthen some leadership, especially the privileges of the head, and further aggravate the corruption problem.For example, in the process of reform, some enterprises have appeared "to not be laid off, the youth dedicated to the team leader" and other phenomena.Let the small team leader also have great power, but also make the most vulnerable groups more vulnerable.In particular, some honest, no relationship background, became the first choice of laid-off. Three is that there is a substantial conflict with the central employment priority strategy.The employment priority strategy is a correct grand strategy, is the great wisdom of development, must adhere to.Adhere to the employment priority strategy, also reflects the party's deepening understanding of the law of social development. Four is not an effective way to improve the efficiency of the unit or enterprise management. For example, can be further improved by the assessment of the reward and punishment system, further improve the training system, are effective ways to improve efficiency.Can not be a post.Five is the late and macro side effects are huge, resulting in high costs of social stability.Laid-off workers, often become social instability factors, and lead to instability in the long term.Six is not conducive to the construction of a happy society.Unemployment is a great blow to a person and his family.Unemployment not only leads to a person and his family have huge economic losses, but also lead to huge spiritual loss, which is extremely unfavorable to the construction of a happy society.Seven is in the case of the imperfect social security system, it is not easy to let workers laid off, which will lead to a large social side effects.If the society has sound unemployment security measures, breaking the iron rice bowl can also be considered.For this reason, it is suggested that in the relevant documents, the expression of "breaking the iron rice bowl" should be used as little as possible, or used cautiously in some specific cases.At the same time, in the reform process, it is also necessary to use the "breaking the iron rice bowl" as little as possible.In a word, the trend of social development should be to let more people have more and more stable employment, rather than the opposite.Social reform, should also work towards this direction.At present, in the face of the main contradiction in the new era, the state should put the employment first strategy in a more prominent position. We will further improve laws and regulations on protecting the legitimate rights and interests of workers. Thank you. Thank you.