宋圭武观点125：万物一体，物质和精神本质是一体的

万物一体，物质和精神，本质也是一体的。物质和精神的关系，既不是单向的物质决定精神，也不是单向的精神决定物质，二者本质具有一定的互相决定性，同时，二者又具有一定的互相独立性。

宇宙本质是万物一体的，且是无限循环的，且这个宇宙空间的维度肯定高于三维。所以，虽然通过高维空间看，宇宙可能是有限的，但由于人处在三维空间，所以对于人类而言，宇宙空间必然是一个无限大且无限循环的空间。

佛教认为心物一体，但强调心的主导性。其实，心与物，虽然一体，但二者本质具有一定的互相主导性，同时，二者互相也有一定的独立性。

对于人而言，关于存在有两种形式，一种是独立于人的意识的客观世界的真实存在，一种是不独立于人的意识的反映在人的主观世界中的关于世界的存在。贝克莱说，存在就是被感知，这里对贝克莱所说的存在，我们应理解成是反映在人的主观世界中的人的关于世界的存在，即第二类存在。贝克莱说：“因为一个观念的存在，就在于其被感知。”所以，贝克莱所说的存在，本质应是人通过对世界的感知而得到的一个反映在人的观念层面的关于世界的存在。同时，从“存在就是被感知”这句话我们也可以推出，在人所感知得到的观念层面的世界之外的客观世界，应是存在的，因为若不存在，就不会被感知到，也就不会有观念层面世界的存在。这里反映在观念层面的世界和真实的客观世界，二者互相具有一定独立性，又互相具有一定决定性，其本质也是一体的。

基于万物一体，所谓二元论，都应是有问题的。法国哲学家笛卡尔在17世纪提出的“心物二元论”，即世界存在着两个实体，一个是只有广延而不能思维的“物质实体”，另一个是只能思维而不具广延的“精神实体”，二者性质完全不同，各自独立存在和发展，谁也不影响和决定谁。其实，心物一体，心与物，二者互相具有一定独立性，同时二者互相也具有一定决定性。古波斯琐罗亚斯德教有善—恶二元论，其实善恶本质也是一体的，二者互相也是具有一定的独立性，同时二者又具有一定的互相决定性。柏拉图有理念—事物二元论，这里理念和事物本质也是一体的，二者互相也是具有一定的独立性，同时二者又具有一定的互相决定性。康德有本体—现象二元论，这里本体和现象本质也是一体的，二者互相也是具有一定的独立性，同时二者又具有一定的互相决定性。伦理学中有关于“事实陈述”与“价值判断”的二元论，其实，“事实陈述”与“价值判断”二者互相也是具有一定的独立性，同时二者又具有一定的互相决定性。

万物一体，统一于存在本身。唯心主义和唯物主义最终在“存在”处合为一体。而存在的终极本质是什么，是不能言说的，是再不能解构和证明的。因为要证明存在的终极本质是什么，必须要依据存在本身，这就陷入循环论证。而若要依据不存在来证明存在，这也是矛盾，因为不存在本身是不能作为论证材料的，因为他不存在。

对于存在的终极本质，人类只能选择信仰。好，谢谢，谢谢。

Song Guiwu's opinion 125: Everything is one, material and spiritual essence is one

Everything is one, material and spiritual essence is one.The relationship between material and spiritual is neither one-way material determines spirit, nor one-way spirit determines material. The two essences have a certain degree of mutual determinism, at the same time, the two have a certain degree of mutual independence. The essence of the universe is that everything is one, and it is infinite cycle, and the dimension of the universe space is certainly higher than three dimensions.Therefore, although through the high-dimensional space, the universe may be limited, but because people are in the three-dimensional space, so for human beings, the universe space is an infinite and infinite cycle space. Buddhism believes that the mind and matter are one, but emphasizes the dominance of the mind.In fact, the mind and matter, although one, have a certain degree of mutual dominance, at the same time, the two also have a certain degree of mutual independence. For human beings, there are two forms of existence, one is the real existence of the objective world independent of human consciousness, and the other is the existence of the world reflected in the subjective world of human beings independent of human consciousness.Berkeley said that existence is perceived, and here we should understand the existence of Berkeley as the existence of the world reflected in the subjective world of human beings, namely the second kind of existence. Berkeley said: "Because the existence of an idea lies in its perception."Therefore, the existence said by Berkeley, in essence, should be a reflection of the existence of the world on the human concept level obtained through the perception of the world.At the same time, from the sentence "existence is perception", we can also conclude that the objective world outside the world of the concept level perceived by people should exist, because if it does not exist, it will not be perceived, and there will be no existence of the world of the concept level.Here, the world reflected in the concept level and the real objective world have certain independence and certain determinability to each other, and their essence is one.Based on the unity of everything, the so-called dualism should be problematic.The French philosopher Descartes proposed the "dual theory of mind and matter" in the 17th century, that is, there are two entities in the world, one is the "material entity" that can only be extended but cannot think, and the other is the "spiritual entity" that can only think but cannot be extended. The two are completely different in nature, exist and develop independently, and neither affects nor determines the other.In fact, the mind and matter are one, and the mind and matter have certain independence and certain determinability to each other. The ancient Persian Zoroastrianism has the dualism of good and evil. In fact, good and evil are also one in essence, and the two are also independent of each other to a certain extent, and the two are mutually determined to a certain extent.Plato has the dualism of idea and thing, where the idea and the essence of things are also one in essence, and the two are also independent of each other to a certain extent, and the two are mutually determined to a certain extent.Kant has the dualism of noumenon and phenomenon, where the noumenon and the essence of phenomena are also one in essence, and the two are also independent of each other to a certain extent, and the two are mutually determined to a certain extent.There is a dualism in ethics about "statement of fact" and "value judgment". In fact, "statement of fact" and "value judgment" are also independent of each other to a certain extent, and the two are mutually determined to a certain extent.Everything is one, and it is unified in existence itself.Idealism and materialism finally merge in "existence".What is the ultimate essence of existence? It cannot be said, and it can no longer be deconstructed and proved.Because to prove what the ultimate essence of existence is, we must rely on existence itself, which is trapped in circular argument.And if we want to prove existence based on non-existence, it is also a contradiction, because non-existence itself cannot be used as argument material, because it does not exist. For the ultimate nature of existence, human beings have only faith. Okay, thank you, thank you.