宋圭武：发展农业与教育培养人类似

农业的生产对象是生命体，教育培养的对象也是生命体。同是生命体的一类，必然具有更多的相似性，比如都具有一定的情感情绪和一定的意识灵性等。教育要培养高质量的人，必然要多体现道德关爱原则。发展农业，要生产高质量的农产品，由于农业对象也是生命体，我们也应对生产对象动植物充满道德关爱原则。为此，本人认为，我们应大力发展道德农业。

人不负青山，青山定不负人。人只有道德对待自然，自然才能道德对待人类，人类对自然的伤害，必然最终也是对人类的伤害。为此，在道德体系建设上，必然客观要求人类不应高高在上，而应把自己看成是自然界中平等的一员，人不仅要对人讲道德，还应对自然界中的一切生命体都应讲道德。

如何发展道德农业，第一，对生命要充满敬畏意识。生命是一种十分复杂的现象。敬畏生命是一种理性的选择。敬畏是一种大智慧。第二，要给动植物充足的自由生长空间。对自由的追求是一切生命的本质。在缺乏自由空间生长的生命，必然更趋恶的特性。所以，在动植物的生产方式上，我们不能太多限制动植物的生长自由。不然，生产出的产品必然是低质量的。第三，对动植物的生长过程不能太过保护。温室里的花朵必然是脆弱的。生命本身有一种进化功能。过好的环境，反而对生命素质的提高不利。就如人的成长，多经风雨，多见世面，身体素质会更好，更有利于成长为国家的栋梁之材。所以，我们对于动植物的生长，除非有大的自然灾害等，一般不要过多干预动植物的生长过程，不要给予过度保护。第四，农业更多是一个慢活，不能人为追求速度和产量。动植物的生长与人类一样，有其自然形成的天然规模，比如生长速度，生孩子的数量等，都是大自然的天然规律，不要轻易改变。人为提高动植物的生长速度，或者提高植物果实的产量，或者提高动物一年生孩子的数量，本人认为，都是不妥的，其结果，最终必然产生大量的低质量甚至可能对人类有害的产品。第五，在满足粮食安全的前提下，农业的水利化也要适度。水利化有利于提高农作物的产量吗，但旱地农产品与水地农产品相比，虽然产量不如，但品质更好。比如，旱地西瓜，虽然产量不如水地西瓜，但品质更好。再比如，旱地小麦，品质也比水地小麦品质要好。第六，农业机械化也要适度。农业机械化，可以提倡，但也要看到其不足。因为在动植物的生长过程中，动植物与人直接接触，和动植物与机械直接接触相比，前者对动植物生长必然更有利，其产品质量必然更高。这里关键还是因为动植物是有生命的，是有灵性的，冷冰冰的机械对其生长总是缺乏温度感和柔和感。就如一个人的生长，若从出生开始，喂养和教育，一直都是机器操作，这样长大的人必然是低素质的。这里动植物的生长与人的生长是类似的。再比如食品生产，也有类似情况。比如，手工面，就比机器面更好，吃起来不仅更香，也更感觉筋道。第六，要严禁化肥、农药、除草剂等在农业产业中的大量运用。化肥、农药、除草剂对农业伤害巨大。第七，对动植物在基因层次上改造要高度谨慎。对生命的基因改造风险极大，需要人类高度谨慎。一般禁止较好。第八，要严格规范农业科学家的研究行为。一方面，农业科学家对农业的发展作用巨大；另一方面，数量庞大的农业科学家队伍，在农业科学研究中，由于涉及评职称和个人利益等因素，也可能在农业研究中，让科学成为为个人牟利的工具，这对农业发展是极大危害。为此，建议，一是要减少农业科学家的数量，要成为农业科学家，必须要经过严格遴选。农业科学家必须是具备大智慧和大德性的人，应具有大哲学家的品格。二是对农业科学研究要制定严格的研究规范。第九，要把生产有机农产品作为农业发展的主要目标。

目前，越来越多的国家和地区以及越来越多的人开始注重动物福利问题。这里本人认为，我们不仅要高度重视动物福利，也要高度重视植物福利，对一切有生命特征的动植物，都要高度重视福利问题。在农业的发展中，我们应坚持动植物福利原则，应给动植物以充足的福利待遇。

作者：甘肃省委党校教授

Song Guiwu: the development of agriculture and education are similar

Song Guiwu, a second-class professor of the Party School of Gansu Provincial Committee, believes that the development of agriculture and education are similar. Professor Song Guiwu said: the production object of agriculture is life, and the object of education is also life.As a kind of life, it is bound to have more similarities, such as certain emotions and certain consciousness and spirituality.Education is bound to cultivate high-quality people, and it is bound to embody the principle of moral care.To develop agriculture, we should produce high-quality agricultural products. Because the agricultural object is also a life form, we should also treat the production object of animals and plants with the principle of moral care.For this reason, I think we should vigorously develop moral agriculture.People do not bear the mountains, and the mountains will not bear people.Only by treating nature with morality can nature treat human beings morally. The harm humans do to nature is bound to be the harm to human beings in the end.For this reason, in the construction of the moral system, it is bound to require that human beings should not be superior, but should regard themselves as an equal member of the natural world. People should not only be moral to others, but also be moral to all living beings in the natural world.How to develop moral agriculture? First, we should be full of reverence for life.Life is a very complex phenomenon.A reverence for life is a rational choice. Awe is a great wisdom. Second, to give animals and plants sufficient free space to grow. The pursuit of freedom is the essence of all life. In the absence of free space to grow life, is bound to be more evil characteristics. Therefore, in the production mode of animals and plants, we can not too much limit the growth of animals and plants free. Otherwise, the products produced are bound to be low quality. Third, the growth process of animals and plants can not be too protected. The flowers in the greenhouse are bound to be fragile. Life itself has an evolutionary function. Too good environment, but not conducive to the improvement of life quality. As the growth of people, more wind and rain, see the world, the physical quality will be better, more conducive to the growth of the country. Therefore, we for the growth of animals and plants, unless there is a big natural disaster, generally do not interfere too much with the growth process of animals and plants, do not give excessive protection. Fourth, agriculture is more of a slow life, can not be artificially pursued speed and yield. The growth of animals and plants and human beings, there is its natural natural scale, such as the growth rate, the number of children, are the natural laws of nature, do not change easily. Artificially increase the growth speed of animals and plants, or increase the yield of fruits, or increase the number of animals a year, I think, are not appropriate, the results, the final inevitable production of a large number of low quality products may even be harmful to human beings. Fifth, in the premise of meeting food security, agricultural water conservancy should be moderate. Water conservancy is conducive to improving the yield of crops, but compared with waterland agricultural products, although the yield is not as good as, but the quality is better. For example, dry land watermelon, although the yield is not as good as water land watermelon, but the quality is better. For example, dry land wheat, quality is better than water land wheat quality. Sixth, agricultural mechanization should be moderate. Agricultural mechanization, can be advocated, but also to see its deficiencies. Because in the growth process of animals and plants, animals and plants and direct contact with people, and animals and plants and direct contact with machinery, the former is certainly more beneficial to the growth of animals and plants, the quality of its products is certainly higher. Here the key is because animals and plants are living, is the spirit of, cold machinery for the growth of animals and plants is always lack of sense of temperature and soft. Just as a person's growth, if from birth, feeding and education, has been a machine operation, so grow up people are bound to be low quality. Here the growth of animals and plants is similar to the growth of human beings. For example, food production, there are similar situations. For example, the hand-made noodles are better than the machine-made noodles, which taste more fragrant and feel more muscular. Sixth, the large use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and so on in the agricultural industry should be strictly prohibited. Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and so on do great harm to agriculture. Seventh, the transformation of animals and plants at the genetic level should be highly cautious. The risk of gene transformation of life is very great, and human beings need to be highly cautious. It is better to be prohibited in general. Eighth, the research behavior of agricultural scientists should be strictly regulated. On the one hand, agricultural scientists play a huge role in the development of agriculture; on the other hand, the large number of agricultural scientists, in agricultural scientific research, due to the involvement of professional titles and personal interests and other factors, may also make science a tool for personal profit in agricultural research, which is great harm to agricultural development. Therefore, the suggestion is, first, to reduce the number of agricultural scientists. To become an agricultural scientist, one must go through strict selection. Agricultural scientists must be people with great wisdom and great virtue, and should have the character of great philosophers. Second, strict research norms should be formulated for agricultural scientific research. Ninth, the production of organic agricultural products should be the main goal of agricultural development. At present, more and more countries and regions and more and more people begin to pay attention to the issue of animal welfare. Here I think that we should not only attach great importance to animal welfare, but also attach great importance to plant welfare, and attach great importance to the welfare of all animals and plants with vital characteristics. In the development of agriculture, we should adhere to the principle of animal and plant welfare, and give animals and plants adequate welfare treatment.