宋圭武：本能是理性的集成

一般而言，我们的常识总是把人的本能排斥在理性的边界之外，总认为本能不属于理性的范围，是理性的对立面。其实，细究起来，基于经济学视角分析，本能其实也是一种理性，而且是理性的集成。

首先，本能有助于种的延续，这体现了最大的存在理性。

其次，来自本能的反应时间短，这有助于人类对抗来自外界的突然威胁。

再次，本能有助于人际交流，有助于形成合作群体。本能通过情感的宣泄，让人与人之间的交流更容易。比如，在有些情况下，一把眼泪比一大堆说教更有力。

第四，若本能没有体现人类生命存在的理性，这也不符合进化理论。按照进化理论，生命在进化过程中，总是要不断淘汰一些不需要或不合理的功能，总是要加强一些适应生存或有利于生存的功能。若本能真的没有体现理性原则，就不会有利于生命的存在的，也就必然会在长期的进化过程中逐渐得到淘汰，但事实并非如此。

第五，从实际看，人类的本能与理性，各有其适用范围。本能适应短期行为和短期决策，而理性适应长期行为和长期决策。

第六，由于人类的决策总有一个短期和长期的选择替代问题，所以，本能与理性，也客观存在冲突。在长期内，由于总有一个不确定性的因素在里面，而有的人，偏好确定性，这样就会更加照顾本能和短期的需要，而有的人，更偏好未来，这样就会更多照顾理性和长期的要求。但这里本能与理性所体现的冲突，实际是人的理性基于偏好在时间区间选择上的冲突，是理性自身的一种内在冲突，而不是理性与非理性之间的一种冲突。

所以，本人认为，本能与理性，本质是统一的，本能应是理性的集成形式，人在一切意义上，都是理性的，人的本质就是一个理性的存在。（作者：宋圭武，中共甘肃省委党校（甘肃行政学院）二级教授）

Song Guiwu：Instinct is the integration of rationality

Song Guiwu, a second-class professor at the Party School of Gansu Provincial Committee, believes that: Generally speaking, our common sense always excludes human instincts from the boundary of rationality, and always believes that instincts do not belong to the scope of rationality, and are the opposite of rationality.In fact, based on an analysis from the perspective of economics, Professor Song Guiwu believes that instinct is also a kind of rationality, and is the integration of rationality.First of all, instinct helps to continue the species, which reflects the greatest rationality of existence.Secondly, the short reaction time from instinct helps human beings to fight against sudden threats from the outside world.Thirdly, instinct helps interpersonal communication and helps to form a cooperative group.Instinct makes communication between people easier through emotional venting.For example, in some cases, a handful of tears is more powerful than a lot of preaching.Fourth, if instinct does not reflect the rationality of human life, it is also inconsistent with the theory of evolution.According to the theory of evolution, in the process of evolution, life always eliminates some unnecessary or irrational functions, and always strengthens some functions that are suitable for survival or conducive to survival.If instinct really does not reflect the rational principle, it will not be conducive to the existence of life, and will inevitably be eliminated gradually in the long-term evolution process, but this is not the case. Fifth, from the actual point of view, human instinct and rationality, each has its scope of application.Instinct to short-term behavior and short-term decisions, and rationality to long-term behavior and long-term decisions. Sixth, because human decision-making always has a short-term and long-term alternative problem, so, instinct and rationality, there is also an objective conflict.In the long term, because there is always an uncertain factor in it, and some people, prefer certainty, so it will be more care instinct and short-term needs, and some people, prefer the future, so it will be more care rational and long-term requirements.But here the instinct and rationality of the conflict, is actually the human rationality based on the preference in the time interval choice of the conflict, is a kind of internal conflict of rationality itself, rather than a conflict between rationality and irrationality. Therefore, I think, instinct and rationality, the essence is unified, instinct should be the integrated form of rationality, in all senses, are rational, the essence of man is a rational existence. (Author: Song Guiwu, the Communist Party of Gansu Provincial Party School (Gansu Administrative College) second-class professor)