宋圭武观点108：红颜何故薄命的经济学解释

成语“红颜薄命”意思是自古以来美女的命运就多舛，其下场通常都不太好。古人云：“红颜胜人多薄命，莫怨春风当自嗟 。”“自古佳人多薄命，闭门春尽杨花落。”“美人自古如名将，不许人间见白头。”从经济学角度看，红眼薄命也有一定的客观和主观基础。

从客观看，红颜薄命是人们之间对优势资源进行激烈竞争的结果。其一，“红颜”是一种珍稀优势资源，而越是珍稀的资源，人们之间的竞争就越激烈。对人而言，这种竞争程度的增加也意味着受到损害的可能性也在增大。一是供给方之间会产生激烈竞争。女人为了确立婚姻市场上的优势地位,相互之间也会产生一些排挤和打压现象。这里越是漂亮的女人，受到排挤和打压的可能性就越大。二是需求方之间也会产生激烈竞争。对于漂亮女人，男人之间会产生争夺。一方面，争夺到手的心里总有一种不放心感，这种不放心感会对男女之间的关系蒙上阴影，这种阴影最终会对“红颜”的发展和生存产生不利影响。另一方面，没有争夺到手的心里也不见得舒服，总想有机会也占点便宜。当占不上便宜时，一些居心不良的人会产生一种毁坏心理和行为。其二，家境不好的漂亮女性受到损害的可能性更大。由于“红颜”是一种珍稀资源，所以保护成本也高，这对一些家境不好的漂亮女性而言，就是一种负担。这时就有下列情况产生：一是和一个能提供保护成本的人结婚。在乱世，最好是选择一个土匪头子或是一个握有军权的人做丈夫；在和平时期，最好是和有钱或有权的人结婚，因为有钱或有权的人除了能提供保护成本外，还能提供更多的消费选择。二是和一个穷小子结婚，但最终需靠上一个有权有势者来保护，成为人家的“二奶”。三是和一个穷小子结婚并选择尽可能与社会隔离。这三种情况对女性发展而言都存在不好的因素。对于第一种情况，嫁给一个土匪头子或有权或有钱的人，由于人家本身供挑选的资源就十分丰富，而“红颜”价值的时间性又强，这就增大了“红颜”后期命运的不确定性程度。对于第二种情况，女性里外不是人，要受到两方男人的挤压，结局大半都不好。第三种情况是一种隐藏和逃避战术，但由于家庭不可能与社会完全隔离，所以麻烦总是回避不了的。

从主观看，红颜薄命也反映了人们希望美好事物长久存在的愿望。其实有很多丑女人也薄命，薄得一塌糊涂，却连声叹息都赚不到。只是因为她们长得不美，不突出，不引人注意，所以命薄了也没有人知道。

但社会现象毕竟是复杂的。在现实中，红颜薄命的现象是存在的；但另一方面，红颜不薄命的现象也是存在的。这是因为资源的珍稀优势性会导致：一是对资源拥有者而言，会提高其保护的积极性，这种积极性对红颜薄命现象会产生一种相反的作用力；二是对女子而言，漂亮本身就是一种资源，这对女子在婚姻市场的竞争中确立优势地位毕竟是有利的因素，如个人能把握好，女孩就可进一步提高生活质量，而不是相反，如一些穷人家的女孩以此改变命运者也是不乏其例。

好，谢谢，谢谢。

Song Guiwu's Viewpoint 108: An Economic Explanation of Why Beautys Are Unlucky

The idiom "beauty is unlucky" means that since ancient times, the fate of beautiful women has been troubled, and their fate is usually not good.The ancients said: "Beauty is unlucky, don't complain about the spring breeze when you mourn." "Since ancient times, beautiful women have been unlucky, and the spring flowers fall behind closed doors." "Beauty has been like a famous general since ancient times, and they are not allowed to see their white hair."From the perspective of economics, there are certain objective and subjective foundations for the unlucky of the red-eyed girl.From an objective point of view, the unlucky of the red-eyed girl is the result of fierce competition among people for superior resources.First, "beauty" is a rare superior resource, and the more rare the resource is, the more intense the competition between people will be.For people, the increase in the degree of competition also means that the possibility of being harmed is also increasing.First, there will be fierce competition between the suppliers.In order to establish a dominant position in the marriage market, women will also have some exclusion and suppression between each other.The more beautiful women are, the greater the possibility of being excluded and suppressed.Second, there will be fierce competition between the demanders.For beautiful women, men will compete among themselves. On the one hand, those who have conquered the opportunity will have a sense of uncertainty, which will cast a shadow on the relationship between men and women, and this shadow will eventually have a negative impact on the development and survival of "confident woman". On the other hand, those who have not conquered the opportunity will not feel comfortable, and will always want to take advantage of the opportunity. When they cannot take advantage of the opportunity, some malicious people will have a destructive mentality and behavior. Second, beautiful women from poor families are more likely to be harmed. Since "confident woman" is a rare resource, the cost of protection is high, which is a burden for some beautiful women from poor families. Then the following situations arise: First, marry a man who can provide the cost of protection. In troubled times, it is best to choose a bandit chief or a man with military power as a husband; in peacetime, it is best to marry a rich or powerful person, because the rich or powerful person can provide more consumption choices in addition to the cost of protection. Second, marry a poor boy, but eventually need to rely on a powerful person to protect, becoming his "second wife". Third, marry a poor boy and choose to isolate from society as much as possible. These three situations have bad factors for the development of women. For the first case, marry a bandit chieftain or a person with power or money, because the family itself for the selection of resources is very rich, and "confer beauty" value of time and strong, this increases the "confer beauty" later fate of the uncertainty degree.For the second case, the woman inside and outside is not human, to be squeezed by two men, the outcome is mostly not good.The third case is a hide and escape tactics, but because the family can not be completely isolated from society, so the trouble is always avoidable.From the subjective point of view, the beauty of the fate also reflects people's hope for the long-term existence of good things.In fact, there are many ugly women also poor, thin in a mess, but even sigh can not earn.Just because they are not beautiful, not prominent, not attention-grabbing, so the life is thin no one knows.But the social phenomenon is complex.In reality, the beauty of the fate of the phenomenon is there;But on the other hand, the beauty of the fate of the phenomenon is also there.This is because the rarity of the resource will lead to: one is for the resource owner, will improve the protection of the enthusiasm, this enthusiasm for the beauty of the fate of the phenomenon will produce an opposite force; Secondly, for women, beauty itself is a kind of resource, which is a favorable factor for women to establish advantageous position in the competition of marriage market. If individuals can grasp it well, girls can further improve their quality of life, rather than the contrary. For example, there are many examples of girls from poor families who can change their destiny by virtue of beauty. OK, thank you, thank you.