宋圭武：应将托儿所幼儿园尽可能纳入义务或公办教育体系

应将托儿所幼儿园尽可能纳入义务或公办教育体系，下面谈谈理由。

第一，若不纳入容易产生高价收费。一是托儿所和幼儿园，地域垄断性强，家长只能就近送。不像孩子上大学或上中学，可以送到千里外的学校去上学，没有地域垄断特征。二是托儿所和幼儿园，在管理上有较大的信息不对称问题。因为娃娃小，辨别是非能力弱，自我保护意识差，不知道如何有效保护自己，孩子一旦受到伤害，家长也无法有效了解。三是由于有地域垄断特征和信息不对称特征，若不纳入义务教育体系和公办系统，则托儿所和幼儿园教育就容易产生高价收费问题。若政府要强制限制收费，在需求大于供给的情况下，家长可能会通过地下形式缴费给托儿所和幼儿园的老师和管理者，最终导致实际上还是高价收费。

第二，能给孩子提供更加安全的环境。在义务教育和公办的前提下，由于管理者工作固定，老师工作也固定，大家都有稳定收入，出了问题也容易追究，管理者和老师自然都要更负责一些。而民办托儿所和幼儿园，由于管理者固定性较弱，且老师也临时雇佣多，总体人员流动性大，且收入不固定性也较大，这就容易导致管理上出现诸多问题。若政府要加强监管，必然监管成本很大。

第三，从政府职能看，婴幼儿更需要国家关爱。越弱的群体，越需要政府关心。

第四，托儿所和幼儿园公办并纳入义务教育体系，也有利于鼓励生育。好，谢谢，谢谢。

作者：甘肃省委党校教授

Song Guiwu: Nursery schools and kindergartens should be included in the compulsory or public education system as much as possible

Nursery schools and kindergartens should be included in the compulsory or public education system as much as possible. Here are the reasons.First, if not included, it is easy to charge high prices.First, nursery schools and kindergartens are strongly regional monopoly, and parents can only send them to the nearest.Unlike children attending college or middle school, they can be sent to schools thousands of miles away, without regional monopoly characteristics.Second, nursery schools and kindergartens have a large information asymmetry problem in management.Because the children are small, their ability to distinguish between right and wrong is weak, their self-protection consciousness is poor, and they do not know how to effectively protect themselves. Once the children are hurt, parents can not effectively understand.Third, due to the characteristics of regional monopoly and information asymmetry, if not included in the compulsory education system and public education system, nursery schools and kindergartens are easy to charge high prices.If the government wants to forcefully limit the fees, in the case of demand exceeding supply, parents may pay fees to the teachers and administrators of nursery schools and kindergartens through underground forms, ultimately leading to high prices in fact.Second, it can provide children with a safer environment. Under the premise of compulsory education and public education, because the managers have fixed jobs, the teachers have fixed jobs, everyone has a stable income, and it is easy to investigate if there are problems, the managers and teachers are naturally more responsible.However, in private nurseries and kindergartens, because the managers are less fixed, and the teachers are more temporary employees, the overall personnel mobility is large, and the income is not fixed, which is easy to lead to many problems in management.If the government wants to strengthen supervision, the supervision cost is inevitable. Third, from the perspective of government functions, infants and children need more care from the state.The weaker the group is, the more the government needs to care about. Fourth, nurseries and kindergartens are publicly run and included in the compulsory education system, which is also conducive to encouraging childbirth.OK, thank you, thank you.