宋圭武观点87：乡村振兴制度创新是根本

乡村振兴关键在制度创新，包括宏观管理体制、微观生产组织制度、产品流通制度，都需要全面创新。

农业是一个高风险低收益的产业，而小农承担风险的能力弱，同时，低收益也难以维持小农的生活和生产。按照企业管理理论，承担风险能力强的应当当老板，享受剩余索取权，而承担风险能力弱的应当当员工，拿固定工资，这样风险和收益匹配，有利于实现企业均衡。为此，在农业方面，国家或集体组织应直接经营农业，成为农业风险的承担者，同时，将农村劳动力变为拿固定工资的职业农民。

另外，由于农业不可能成为高收益产业，也不应成为高收益产业，因为农产品价格高会伤害社会福利，所以，付给职业农民的固定工资不要求高，但也要以防止落入贫困为底线。这样，既解决了国家粮食安全问题，也解决了防止大规模返贫问题，同时，农村也能留住人，因为农村能为农民提供稳定就业。

若农村能为广大农民提供稳定就业，虽然收益不太高，但农村人口也将会快速增加。

让大面积小农户承担风险，只能导致大面积贫困。同时，土地撂荒、农村空壳化也将成为必然现象。同时，农村也将面临大面积生育率低下问题。

另外，对未来乡村振兴，也不能抱太高期望，也不能急于求成，要立足长期稳中求进，关键是要在守住粮食安全底线和防止大规模返贫底线的基础上，逐步实现振兴。

在乡村守好两个底线的基础上，国家要大力发展科技，让工业强起来，工业强，有国际竞争力，可以以工补农，带动乡村进一步振兴。

好，谢谢，谢谢。

Song Guiwu's Viewpoint 87: System Innovation is the Key to Rural Revitalization

The key to rural revitalization lies in system innovation, including macro management system, micro production organization system, product circulation system, and comprehensive innovation.Agriculture is a high-risk and low-return industry, and small farmers have weak risk-taking ability. At the same time, low returns make it difficult to maintain small farmers' lives and production.According to business management theory, those with strong risk-taking ability should be bosses and enjoy the residual claim right, while those with weak risk-taking ability should be employees and take fixed wages. In this way, risks and benefits are matched, which is conducive to achieving equilibrium in enterprises.Therefore, in agriculture, the state or collective organizations should directly operate agriculture and become the bearer of agricultural risks. At the same time, rural labor force should be turned into professional farmers with fixed wages.In addition, since agriculture cannot become a high-return industry, nor should it become a high-return industry, because high prices of agricultural products will harm social welfare, the fixed wages paid to professional farmers are not required to be high, but also to prevent falling into poverty as the bottom line.In this way, the problem of national food security is solved, and the problem of preventing large-scale return to poverty is solved. At the same time, rural areas can retain people, because rural areas can provide stable employment for farmers. If rural areas can provide stable employment for farmers, although the returns are not very high, the rural population will also increase rapidly.Let a large area of small farmers bear the risk, can only lead to a large area of poverty.At the same time, abandoned land, rural empty shell will also become an inevitable phenomenon.At the same time, rural areas will also face a large area of low fertility rate. In addition, for the future rural revitalization, we can not hold too high expectations, nor can we rush to seek success. We should seek progress in a long-term stable way. The key is to gradually realize revitalization on the basis of maintaining the bottom line of food security and preventing large-scale poverty. On the basis of maintaining the two bottom lines in the countryside, the country should vigorously develop science and technology, make industry strong, strong industry, international competitiveness, can supplement agriculture with industry, and drive further revitalization of the countryside. OK, thank you, thank you.