宋圭武观点111：如何认识人性问题：我的观点

个人认为，人本性自然，而这个自然之性就是趋利避害，这个命题可以用反证法证明为正确。

反证法证明：假设人类本性不是趋利避害，则其行为必然是趋害避利，这必然导致人类最终不存在。这与现实矛盾，说明假设错误。正确的结论应是：人类本性是趋利避害。

人类本性虽然是趋利避害，但趋利避害与善恶还有一段距离，二者并不能直接划等号。当一个人的趋利避害行为危害到社会，则其趋利避害行为就是恶，若其趋利避害行为并没有伤害到社会，则其趋利避害行为就不是恶。这里不能笼统说趋利避害就是恶。比如，父母爱自己的孩子，也是一种趋利避害行为，就不能说是恶。再比如，人见了老虎，必然要躲避，这自然也不是恶。再比如，一个人锻炼身体，也是一种趋利避害行为，也不能说这是恶。

由于趋利避害与善恶之间还有一段距离，所以直接讨论人性善，还是人性恶，是一个永远讨论不清楚的事。

受遗传因素影响，不同的人在趋利避害行为上会有所差异。比如有些人控制力弱，有些人爱出轨，有些人有杀人基因，有些人爱自杀等，这都有遗传方面的影响。所以，在现实世界，有些人天生偏恶一些，而有些人天生偏善一些。也即，一个人是好人，还是坏人，也有遗传或天生的因素。另外，后天的文化和制度也会影响一个人的趋利避害行为。好的文化和制度，可以让不好的人趋好；不好的文化和制度，可以让好人趋不好。

总之，一般而言，人本性自然，这个自然之性就是趋利避害。其实，不仅人类本性趋利避害，大自然中的一切动植物，本性都是趋利避害。

反证法证明：假设有某一类动物或植物不是趋利避害，则其行为必然是趋害避利，这必然导致这类动物或植物最终不会存在。这与现实情况矛盾，说明假设错误。则得到命题：大自然中的一切动植物，本性都是趋利避害。

另外，虽然说人性深层本性是趋利避害，但一个人如何表现趋利避害行为，又具有复杂特征。一个人趋利避害行为的选择，是遗传、文化、制度等多种因素综合作用的结果。

面对人本性趋利避害，人性如何建设，就是要让其趋利避害行为尽可能保持在善的红线范围以内。一是对一些恶人要进行基因改造，这需要高科技来保障。二是要建设好的文化，好的文化必须要有敬畏元素，这是对恶最有效的内在约束，而善是不需要内在约束的，因为善本身就自觉。三是要建设好的制度，好的制度必须要满足公平原则，不公平的制度是恶的滋生地。

好，谢谢，谢谢。

Song Guiwu's viewpoint 111: How to understand the problem of human nature: my view

Personally, I think human nature is natural, and the nature of nature is to seek profits and avoid harm. This proposition can be proved correct by proof by contradiction. Proof by contradiction: Assuming that human nature is not to seek profits and avoid harm, then its behavior is bound to seek profits and avoid harm, which will inevitably lead to the ultimate non-existence of human beings.This contradicts reality, indicating that the assumption is wrong.The correct conclusion should be: human nature is to seek profits and avoid harm.Although human nature is to seek profits and avoid harm, there is still a distance between profit-seeking and harm-avoiding and good and evil, and the two can not be directly equated.When a person's profit-seeking and harm-avoiding behavior harms society, then its profit-seeking and harm-avoiding behavior is evil. If its profit-seeking and harm-avoiding behavior does not harm society, then its profit-seeking and harm-avoiding behavior is not evil.Here can not generally say that profit-seeking and harm-avoiding is evil.For example, parents love their children, which is also a profit-seeking and harm-avoiding behavior, can not be said to be evil.For another example, when a person sees a tiger, he must avoid it, which is not evil.For another example, a person exercises, which is also a profit-seeking and harm-avoiding behavior, can not be said to be evil.Because there is still a distance between profit-seeking and harm-avoiding and good and evil, it is a matter that can never be discussed clearly. Affected by genetic factors, different people will have different behaviors in pursuing profits and avoiding harms.For example, some people have weak control, some people love to cheat, some people have murder genes, some people love suicide, etc., which have genetic effects.Therefore, in the real world, some people are born to be evil, while some people are born to be good.That is to say, whether a person is a good person or a bad person, there are also genetic or inborn factors.In addition, the acquired culture and system will also affect a person's behaviors in pursuing profits and avoiding harms.Good culture and system can make bad people better;bad culture and system can make good people worse.In short, in general, human nature is natural, and this natural nature is to pursue profits and avoid harms.In fact, not only human nature is to pursue profits and avoid harms, but also all animals and plants in nature are to pursue profits and avoid harms.The proof by demonstration shows that: if there is a certain kind of animal or plant that is not to pursue profits and avoid harms, its behavior must be to pursue profits and avoid harms, which will inevitably lead to the ultimate non-existence of such animals or plants.This contradicts the reality, indicating that the assumption is wrong.Then the proposition is obtained: all animals and plants in nature are to pursue profits and avoid harms. In addition, although the deep nature of human nature is to pursue profits and avoid harms, how a person performs the behavior of pursuing profits and avoiding harms has complex characteristics. The choice of a person's behavior is the result of a combination of genetic, cultural, and institutional factors. In the face of human nature, how to build human nature is to make its behavior as far as possible within the red line of goodness.First, some evil people should be genetically modified, which needs high technology to ensure.Second, we need to build a good culture. A good culture must have the element of awe, which is the most effective internal constraint on evil. But goodness does not need internal constraints, because goodness is self-conscious.Third, we need to build a good system. A good system must meet the principle of fairness. An unfair system is the breeding ground of evil.OK, thank you, thank you.