宋圭武观点204人口密集型国家应更加注重非劳动要素生产效率的提高

全面提高国家经济竞争力，不仅要考虑提高劳动生产效率，也要考虑提高非劳动资源要素的生产效率。尤其对于人口密集型和人口规模巨大国家，劳动要素相对丰裕，在这种情况下，应需要更加注重提高非劳动资源要素的生产效率，如土地产出率、资源要素生产率等，应重点提高。从中国经济资源要素禀赋结构看，人口规模巨大是显著特征，人口要素和劳动要素相对丰裕，从经济学边际均衡角度看，立足要素产出均衡和总要素产出最大化考虑，同时，立足以经济内循环为主并同时积极参与国际大循环的新发展格局大背景，从长远看，国家应重点提高非劳动要素的边际产值或生产效率。一是应大力发展劳动密集型产业。二是要大力提高土地、资本、资源等要素的生产效率。三是考虑目前老龄社会情况，应大力发展养老产业，实现老年产业供给与需求的均衡。四是要更加注重非劳动自然要素资源的节约利用问题，立足可持续发展，切实保护好环境，在技术研发路径选择上，国家应对非劳动自然资源要素节约技术进行重点研发。五是经济与人口政策要协调推进。六是要高度重视农业、农村、农民问题，这是中国现代化的基础问题，基础不牢，地动山摇。七是城乡发展要协调推进，要坚决防止农村空壳化和城市过度拥挤化并发问题。

Song Guiwu believes that countries with high population densities should pay more attention to improving the productivity of non-labor factors.

In order to comprehensively improve the national economic competitiveness, not only should labor productivity be improved, but also the productivity of non-labor resources factors should be improved. Especially for countries with high population density and large population, labor factors are relatively abundant. In this case, more emphasis should be placed on improving the productivity of non-labor resource factors such as land output rate and resource factor productivity. They should be given priority. From the perspective of China's economic resource factor endowment structure, the feature of a large population is prominent, and the population factor and labor factor are relatively abundant. From the perspective of economic marginal equilibrium and the maximization of total factor productivity, it is advisable to base on the consideration of balanced output of factors and maximization of total factor productivity. At the same time, based on the new development pattern of economic internal circulation as the mainstay and actively participating in the international big circulation, from the long-term perspective, the country should focus on improving the marginal output or productivity of non-labor factors. Firstly, we should vigorously develop labor-intensive industries. Secondly, we should vigorously improve the productivity of land, capital, and resources factors. Thirdly, considering the current aging society situation, we should vigorously develop the elderly care industry to achieve the balance of supply and demand in the elderly care industry. Fourthly, we should pay more attention to the problem of saving and utilizing non-labor natural resource factors in a sustainable way, based on the protection of the environment, the state should focus on research and development of non-labor natural resource factor saving technologies. Fifthly, economic and population policies should be coordinated and promoted. Sixthly, we should attach great importance to the problems of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, which are the fundamental problems of China's modernization. If the foundation is not solid, it will shake the earth and mountains. Seventhly, urban and rural development should be coordinated, and the problem of rural hollowing out and urban overcrowding should be prevented from occurring together.