宋圭武观点86：正确看待市场经济和计划经济

市场经济和计划经济，各有优缺点，各有其适用的范围，不能一味否定或肯定。

一种经济体制能否发挥好作用，还需要配套的政治条件和精神文化条件。

计划经济要发挥好作用，需要摆脱权力经济的羁绊。一些所谓计划经济的问题，实际应是政治体制的问题，是由于政治的不合理干扰，导致计划经济失误。计划经济需要一个有效的决策机制来配套。若缺乏科学有效的决策机制，计划经济必然问题多多。

有些市场经济没有搞好，也与政治体制有关系。不好的政治体制，也会导致市场经济失败。

另外，不管是计划经济，还是市场经济，都需要一定的文化精神基础，比如诚信问题。若社会缺乏诚信，不管是计划经济，还是市场经济，都搞不好。再比如敬畏意识问题，没有敬畏意识，计划经济和市场经济也很难都搞好。

从信息不对称方面看，市场经济是建立在分散决策基础上的，计划经济是建立在集中决策基础上的，分散决策与集中决策相比，哪个更优？从信息不对称角度看，都存在信息不对称问题，很难判断谁最优。

具体到领域，市场经济与计划经济各有其适用的领域。比如，在关系国计民生的领域，如国防、环保、粮食等领域，应多用计划经济的管理方式；而在自行车、杯子、手表、衣服等生产领域，应多用市场经济的管理方式。

另外，有关计划经济和市场经济优劣的争论，还有一个如何定义计划经济和市场经济的问题。由于不同学者在各自的脑子里有不同的关于计划经济和市场经济的定义，这种定义的不同也可能导致争论激烈。但这种争论本质是无意义的。

总之，政治、经济、文化，三者是紧密联系的。经济体制的问题，往往可能是政治体制的问题，或是文化精神的原因。政治体制、经济体制、文化精神三者需要配套和谐，才能形成整体最优发展动力。

好，谢谢，谢谢。

Song Guiwu's Viewpoint 86: Correctly Looking at Market Economy and Planned Economy

Market economy and planned economy, each have advantages and disadvantages, each have its scope of application, can not be blindly denied or affirmed.Whether an economic system can play a good role, also need supporting political conditions and spiritual and cultural conditions.Planned economy to play a good role, need to get rid of the fetters of power economy.Some so-called planned economy problems, in fact should be the problem of the political system, is due to the unreasonable interference of politics, resulting in failures of planned economy.Planned economy needs an effective decision-making mechanism to support.If the lack of scientific and effective decision-making mechanism, planned economy is bound to be more problems.Some market economy did not do well, and political system is related.Bad political system, will also lead to the failure of market economy.In addition, whether it is planned economy, or market economy, need a certain cultural and spiritual foundation, such as the problem of integrity.If the society lacks integrity, whether it is planned economy, or market economy, can not do well.For example, the problem of reverence consciousness, no reverence consciousness, planned economy and market economy are difficult to do well.From the perspective of information asymmetry, market economy is based on decentralized decision-making, planned economy is based on centralized decision-making, decentralized decision-making and centralized decision-making, which is better? From the perspective of information asymmetry, there is information asymmetry problem, it is difficult to judge who is the best. Specific to the field, market economy and planned economy each has its applicable fields.For example, in the field of national economy and people's livelihood, such as national defense, environmental protection, food and other fields, the management mode of planned economy should be used more;and in the production field of bicycles, cups, watches, clothes and other fields, the management mode of market economy should be used more. In addition, the debate about the merits and demerits of planned economy and market economy also has a problem of how to define planned economy and market economy.As different scholars have different definitions of planned economy and market economy in their respective minds, the difference in this definition may also lead to fierce debate.But this debate is meaningless in essence. In short, politics, economy and culture are closely linked.The problems of economic system are often the problems of political system or the causes of cultural spirit.Political system, economic system and cultural spirit need to be harmonious to form the optimal development momentum as a whole. OK, thank you, thank you.