宋圭武观点35：谦虚的经济学

下面本人从经济学角度谈谈谦虚问题，供大家参考娱乐。

从经济学角度看，谦虚本质是一种投资。所以，聪明的人总是谦虚的。或者，智慧的人总是谦虚的。不谦虚，必然是一种短视，或必然是一种缺智。

对于谦虚的好处，古人早就有深刻认识。《易经》谦卦说：“谦，亨，君子有终。谦尊而光，卑而不逾，君子之终也。”老子《道德经》说：“圣人被褐怀玉[ pī hè huái yù ]。”《尚书·大禹谟》说:“惟德动天，无远弗届，满招损，谦受益，时乃天道。”

具体而言，谦虚的好处体现在社会层面和自然层面两个方面。

从社会层面看，谦虚的好处有：一是你谦虚了，这是对别人的一种让步。这会增加你在别人身上的资本，让别人欠你的情。这必然会增大你未来获利的可能性。因为人总是有公平感的，这种公平感，会让你的谦虚投入，总是会有一定的收益回报。当然，这收益回报可能有大有小。另外，完全没有收益回报的情况，也可能有，但肯定是极少的情况。二是你谦虚了，别人会感觉你是谦让的，这会增加人的安全感，这会招人喜欢，这会导致很多人乐于与你合作和分享。而对不谦虚的人，人们总是对其欠缺安全感的，对其必然是有防备的。在这种情况下，一个人就容易落入孤军奋战的情况。一个人孤军奋战，必然缺乏获利的规模经济效益和分工合作效益，必然人生的奋斗成本高。所以，骄傲的人或不谦虚的人，往往需要比别人付出更多的成本投入，才能获取同样的利益。

从自然层面看，谦虚的好处有：一是因为大自然本质是谦虚的，所以，你谦虚了，必然符合自然之德。而若人的行为符合了自然之德，必然行为对自然有好处，最终大自然必然更喜欢你。二是你谦虚了，由于符合自然之德，而人本质也属于自然，所以，符合自然之德的东西，也必然符合人之德，而符合人之德，必然对人自身有好处。三是由于谦虚，对人对自然都好，最终在谦虚层面，人与自然实现和谐，最终人与自然双赢。

如何保持谦虚，第一，要防谦虚过度。过犹不及，过度谦虚也不是好事。过度谦虚的不好处有两个方面。一是有纵恶的嫌疑。因为你过度谦虚，让别人占了你太多的便宜，让别人成为恶的承担者，这损害了社会德性，也不是好事。二是你过度谦虚，也必然过度损害了你的合理利益，这也是不合理的。第二，谦虚到什么程度较好，满足黄金分割点较好。也就是若有一百分的成绩，就谦虚三成过一些。也就是说，若你是第一名，可不妨将自己谦虚到中上水平，和中上水平看齐较好。第三，谦虚需要一种大胸怀。没有胸怀，就没有谦虚的地盘。虚怀若谷。胸怀越大，谦虚必然越大。第四，谦虚需要大境界。大境界可以让谦虚本能化，而不是算计化。让谦虚本能化，谦虚可以更稳固。而基于算计的谦虚，往往是不稳定的。第五，谦虚也需要社会有保护谦虚者的有效机制。社会若缺乏有效保护谦虚者的机制，则谦虚必然退化。代之而出的，必然是炫耀和浮躁。当炫耀和浮躁成为社会主流时，谦虚必然被边缘化，谦虚的价格必然大跌。在这种情况下，一些金玉其外、败絮其中的人，就是社会的“圣人”和主人。而一些真正谦虚的人，则必然被排挤和边缘化。

好，谢谢，谢谢。

Song Guiwu's Viewpoint 35: The Economics of Modesty

Here I talk about the modesty issue from the perspective of economics for your reference and entertainment. From the perspective of economics, modesty is essentially an investment.So, smart people are always modest.Or, wise people are always modest.Not modest, it is necessary to be a kind of myopia, or it is necessary to be a lack of wisdom. For the benefits of modesty, the ancients have long had a deep understanding.The Book of Changes says in the modesty chapter: "modest, Heng, the gentleman has an end.Modesty and light, humble and not over, the gentleman's end."Lao Tzu said in the Tao Te Ching: "Saints are covered with brown jade."The Book of Changes·Dayumo says: "Only virtue moves the sky, no far Fu, full of losses, modest benefit, when is the way of heaven." Specifically, the benefits of modesty are reflected in the social and natural aspects. From the social aspect, the benefits of modesty are: one is that you are modest, which is a concession to others.It will increase your capital on others, and make others owe you.It will certainly increase the possibility of your future profits.Because people always have a sense of fairness, this sense of fairness will make your modest investment, always have a certain return on investment.Of course, the return on investment may be large or small.In addition, there may be no return on investment at all, but it is certainly rare. Second, you are modest, others will feel that you are modest, which will increase the sense of security, which will be liked, which will lead to many people are willing to cooperate and share with you.And for the not modest people, people always lack the sense of security, which is bound to be guarded.In this case, a person is easy to fall into the situation of fighting alone.A person fighting alone, inevitable lack of profitable economies of scale and division of labor cooperation benefits, inevitable life struggle costs high.Therefore, proud people or not modest people, often need to pay more costs than others to obtain the same benefits.From the natural level, the benefits of modesty are: one is because the nature of nature is modest, so, you are modest, must conform to the morality of nature.And if the human behavior conforms to the morality of nature, the behavior is good for nature, and eventually nature will like you more.Second, you are modest, because it conforms to the morality of nature, and the nature of human beings also belongs to nature, so, the things that conform to the morality of nature are also bound to conform to the morality of human beings, and the morality of human beings is bound to be good for human beings.Third, because of modesty, it is good for human and nature, and finally in the modest level, human and nature achieve harmony, and finally win-win situation between human and nature.How to keep modest, first, to prevent excessive modesty. Excessive modesty is not good. There are two disadvantages of excessive modesty. One is the suspicion of spreading evil. Because you are too modest, let others take too much advantage of you, let others become the bearer of evil, which damages social morality, which is not good. Two is that you are too modest, and will inevitably overly damage your legitimate interests, which is also unreasonable. Second, how much modesty is better, it is better to meet the golden section. That is, if you have a hundred percent, you should be modest about thirty percent. That is to say, if you are the first, you may wish to be modest to the above-average level, and the above-average level is better. Third, modesty needs a big mind. Without mind, there is no modest territory. The mind is like a valley. The bigger the mind, the more modest it will be. Fourth, modesty needs a big realm. The big realm can make modesty instinctive, rather than calculating. Make modesty instinctive, modesty can be more stable. And based on calculation, modesty is often unstable. Fifth, modesty also needs an effective mechanism to protect the modest in society. If the society lacks an effective mechanism to protect the modest, modesty will inevitably degenerate. Instead, it will be showing off and impetuous. When showing off and impetuous become the mainstream of society, modesty will inevitably be marginalized, and the price of modesty will inevitably plummet. In this case, some people who are jaded and stained, are the "saints" and masters of society.And some truly modest people will inevitably be excluded and marginalized. OK, thank you, thank you.